Parental Care, Parental Overprotection and Delinquency among Adolescents
Keywords:
Parental Care, Parental Overprotection, Delinquency, GenderAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental care, parental overprotection, and delinquency among adolescents. A sample of 200 adolescents was selected with an age range of 16 to 18 years from Gujranwala, Pakistan. The Parental Bonding Questionnaire and Self-Report Delinquency Scale were used in the study. The data was analysed by SPSS version 27, by using descriptive and inferential statistics that were computed. Results revealed that parental care was significantly negatively related to delinquency, whereas parental overprotection was significantly positively related to delinquency among adolescents. On investigating gender differences, it was found that male adolescents show a higher level of delinquency as compared to female adolescents.
References
Chesney-Lind, M. & Paramore, V. V. (2001). Are girls getting more violent? Exploring juvenile robbery trends. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 17, 142-166.
Donker, M. H., Mastrotheodoros, S., & Branje, S. (2021). Development of parent-adolescent relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of stress and coping. Developmental Psychology, 57(10), 1611.
Goering, M., & Mrug, S. (2021). Empathy as a mediator of the relationship between authoritative parenting and delinquent behavior in adolescence. Journal of youth and adolescence, 50(7), 1308-1318.
Gurdal, S., & Sorbring, E. (2024). Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Sweden. International Journal of Psychology, 59(4), 550-558.
Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.
Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (2003). Parents’ monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents’ delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences. Child Development, 74(3), 752–768.
Loeber, R. & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1986). ‘Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency’, in Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Volume 7, eds M. Tonry & N. Morris, The University of Chicago, Chicago
McDaniel, M. C., & Rodriguez, D. N. (2021). Undergraduate men’s self-reports of sexual assault and perceptions of college campus acquaintance rape. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(3-4), 1772-1790.
Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., & Belsky, D. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108(7),2693-2698.
Naqvi, I. (2007). Patterns of delinquency and personality traits of adolescents in child labor. Unpublished MPhill Dissertation. National Institute of Psychology. Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
Nye, F. I. (1958). Family relationships and delinquent behavior. New York: Wiley.
Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A Parental Bonding Instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1-10.
Rohner, R. P. (2004). The parental “acceptance-rejection syndrome”: Universal correlates of perceived rejection. American Psychologist, 59(8), 830–840.
Schaefer, E. S. (1959). A circomplex model for maternal bahaviour. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 226-35.
Shulman, E. P., Beardslee, J., Fine, A., Frick, P. J., Steinberg, L., & Cauffman, E. (2021). Exposure to gun violence: Associations with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and aggression among male juvenile offenders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(3), 353-366.
Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71(4), 1072–1085.
Suarez‐Morales, L., & Torres, C. (2021). Understanding the factors associated with overprotective parenting behaviors in Latino parents. Family Relations, 70(5), 1556-1570.
Sun, W., Wang, M., Zheng, F., & Wang, Y. (2024). From Nurture to Deviance: A Study on Parenting Style and Juvenile Delinquency. Deviant Behavior, 1-17.
Zhao, J., Guo, Z., Shi, H., Yu, M., Jiao, L., & Xu, Y. (2023). The relationship between parental phubbing and interpersonal aggression in adolescents: the role of rejection sensitivity and school climate. Journal of interpersonal violence, 38(11-12), 7630-7655.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan Journal of Mental Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
